Leviticus 16:1-2 presents a fascinating linguistic puzzle with the use of different verbs for divine speech: yedeber (speak) and yomer (say), but not yeqraw (call out). Why this distinction?
Yeqraw implies a loud, audible voice, often associated with direct commands or proclamations. In contrast, yedeber suggests communication through writing, in this case, likely through Moses' hand. Yomer is a derivative, indicating interpretation or explanation.
The Context: A Warning and Instruction
In Leviticus 16, we don't encounter the thunderous yeqraw. Instead, Moses sits and writes, emphasizing the act of documenting a critical message. The use of yomer signals Moses' interpretation of events: the tragic death of Aaron's sons due to entering the Holy of Holies without authorization, proper incense, or on the appointed day.
This warning, rooted in Ibn Ezra's commentary, highlights the danger of approaching the divine without reverence and preparation. Aaron is cautioned against repeating his sons' fatal mistake, underscoring the importance of adhering to divine protocols.
Echoes in the Gospel of John
This scene resonates with a poignant exchange in John 14. Philip, a disciple of Jesus, asks to see the Father (God). Jesus responds, "If you have seen me, you have seen the Father."
This seemingly cryptic statement aligns with the Levitical warning. Just as Aaron's sons perished for beholding the divine presence without a mediator, Philip is reminded that encountering God requires a conduit. Jesus positions himself as that conduit, the High Priest who alone can grant access to the Father's glory (Cavod).
A Sectarian Stance
This interpretation challenges the legitimacy of the Herodian temple. Philip's request implies that the temple's sanctity is compromised, lacking the divine presence. Jesus' response further solidifies this view, positioning himself as the true Temple, the only means to experience God's glory without facing destruction.
This perspective aligns with the beliefs of the Essenes, a Jewish sect known for their strict adherence to the law and criticism of the established religious institutions. The Gospel of John, with its emphasis on Jesus as the fulfillment of the Temple and Law, reflects this sectarian viewpoint.
Conclusion
Leviticus 16 offers more than a historical account. It reveals a profound truth about approaching the divine: reverence, preparation, and a mediator are essential. The Gospel of John echoes this message, presenting Jesus as the ultimate High Priest, the only way to experience God's glory without facing the fate of Aaron's sons. This interpretation challenges traditional views and offers a unique perspective on the relationship between the Tanakh and New Testaments.
Disclaimer: The interpretation presented here is not universally accepted. It represents a particular theological perspective and should be understood within its context.